Electrical distribution

Key aspects of distribution losses

a) Technical - Fixed loss (when transformers or cables are energised & Variable loss (As loading % changes)

b) Non technical - inaccurate metering, faulty data management.

Method to improve

Reconfiguration, Upgrading Conductors, Transformer management, Voltage optimisation, Metering

Voltage optimization (VO) reduces energy losses and demand by lowering and optimizes stabilizing supply voltage

Volt/VAR Optimization (VVO)

Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR)

Distributed Generation (DG) Allocation

Optimal Capacitor Placement

Distribution Transformer - Efficiency- 98% to 99%; Iron loss is ~ 15% of FL copper loss; Optimum efficiency at loading 40% to60% of loading

Operational management - Manage loading near max efficiency; Optimize no load losses; Avoid overloading

General Efficiency & Maintenance - Core maintenance; Efficient Cooling; Stray Loss Reduction with magnetic shunt

Use life cycle for upgradation and use Amorphous Metal Cores and High-Conductivity Windings

Causes of low PF : Inductive load, under loaded motors, Phase displacement, Non linear load

Compensation methods - Centralised, Distributed, Mixed compensation

Method : Capacitor bank, syncronise condenser, Phase advancer, Static VAR compensator, High PF equipment

Benefits : Lower utility fee, Increase system capacity, Reduce system losses

Challenges : Overcompensation, Harmonics

Online energy monitoring give us the opportunity to monitor , prepare dashboard and benchmark

This system can be upgrade for alarm generation and online control system

Management can identify optimizing operations, and driving new revenue streams

Energy saving opportunities can be identified with low cost investment

Display on remote station like Laptop and Mobile is possible